Chuck



(No Mode-1.) Y

W. SCHWANHAUSSER. CHUCK;

No. 458,408. Patented Aug 25, 1891.

ma mams neng; co., vuofvurnc..w;suws1on, n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIC,

VILLIAM SCH'VANHAUSSER, OF BROOKLYN, NET YORK.

CHUCK.

SPECIFICATIGN forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,408, dated August 25, 1891.

Application filed December 30, 1889. Serial No. 335,379. (No model.)

To LZZ whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM SCHWAN- IAUssER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chucks, fully described and represented in the following specification andthe accompanying drawings, forining a part of the same.

This invention relates. to chucks, and has especial reference to drill-chucks and others of the class used in machines for boring, tapping, stud-setting, and similar purposes. In machines of this character the chuck holding the drill, tap, and stud-setting device is rigidly fastened to the'driving-spindle, and in consequence, when employed for tapping, it becomes necessary, as the tap approaches the bottom of the hole, to so regulate. the stopping of the machine as to prevent the tap from striking the bottom and receiving the full power transmitted through the spindle, which would result in the breaking of the tap, or, if the tap is of sufficient strength to resist the power, would injure the driving mechanism of the machine or the material on which the work is being done. Vhen employed for stud-setting, in which operation it becomes absolutely necessary to provide a positive stop in order to gage the proper projection of the stud, the same nicety of regulation as to the stopping of the machine must be observed, thus requiring in either operation a large amount of skill in the use of such machines when employed for these purposes. Notwithstanding the greatest care, itis found in practice that many tools are broken or the machine or material injured through the impossibility of judging accurately the pointat which it is necessary to stop the machine.

One object of my invention is to'obviate this diiiiculty by providing a simple, cheap, and durable chuck, which shall be of suicient rigidity to transmit or sustain the force required for the performance of the work, but shall yield under an excess of strain, permitting the tool to be driven at full speed until the completion of the work, thus reducing greatly the amount of skill required, and preventing absolutely the breaking of tools or the injuring of either the machine or material. In machines of this character, moreover, it is usual to employ a feeding device constructed to be thrown out offoperation when desired, the purpose of this being t0 enable the machine to be used with either a drill, in the use of which a feeding mechanism is required, or with a tap or other tool which feeds itself. In the latter case the feed of the tool may and frequently will differ from that of"r the feeding mechanism, the saine machine being used with taps the threads of which are of different pitches. In such case, if the feeding mechanism be not thrown out of operation in changing from drilling to tapping or other similar work, either the tool, material operated upon, or the machine will be broken.

Another object of my invention is to provide a chuck or other holder having toolholding means so constructed as to yield under a force tending' to move the tool and holder-'in diiferent directions and alloT the tool to be drawn out, thus avoiding all danger of breakage in case the operator neglects to throw o ut the feeding mechanism in using a tap or other tool having a feed varying from that of the feeding mechanism.

Vhile it is-evident that a chuck so constructed is of universal application in machines of this character it-may be best illustrated by its use in a combined drilling, tapping, and stud-setting machine, for which it is especially intended, and will be shown as thus applied. v

In the accompanying drawings, forming-a part of this specification, Figure l is a view, partly in section, showing my improved chuck attached to a drill-spindle and carryinga drill.

Figs. 2 and 3 arek similar views showing the ICO socketpiece, the cap'thus bearing upon the shoulders l5. The body 2 and socket-piece 3 and the shoulders 15 and cap v5 may`be in direct contact; but I prefer to insert between their bearing surfaces friction pieces 4, formed, preferably, of vulcanized fiber, thus permitting the chuck to be made of ordinary material, and enabling it to be used a long time by renewal of the friction pieces or disks as they wear. The cap 5 serves to adjust the friction between the parts, the friction being increased as the cap is screwed farther up upon the body, pressing the body and socketpiece together. A locking-nut 6 is provided for securing the parts in position when adjusted.

The operation of this part of my device is as follows: The tool or tool-holder having been inserted into the socket-piece 3 and attached thereto by means which, so far as the operation of this part of my invention is concerned, may be of any ordinary form, the friction of the parts is adjusted in accordance with the work to he performed by the screwcap 5, which is then locked in position by the locking-nut 6. The machine then being set in operation the tool is driven by force transmitted through the parts in frictional contact until the work is completed. In the operation of drilling, as the tool is driven through the material the cutting-ed ges of the drill will catch upon the side of the opening formed` thus tending to break the edges of the drill or to injure the material. In the case of a tap the completion of the work produces an increased strain through the tap reaching the limit of its motion in material G, and in the case of the stud-setting device shown in Fig. 3, in which the block F limits the m0- tion of the stud-holder D and stud E, a positive stop is also reached. In each of the three cases the strain put upon the tool or holder is in excess of the rigidity of the chuck, and the body 2 and cap 5 will turn upon the socket-piece 3, which carries the tool or toolholder, thus preventing any injury of the tool or material through the increased strain. This movement of the body and cap independent of the tool will indicate the completion of the work, when the machine will be reversed. It is evident that the close attention necessary in the use of a chuck of ordinary form is not required, as the machine is driven at full speed until the parts of the chuck slip, and this slipping is sufficient to call the attention of the operator Without con stant watching of this part of the machine.

It will be understood that the feeding mechanism may be applied to either the tool-dri ver or to the part carrying the material, the operation of the chuck being the same whether the tool moves toward the work, or vice versa, and whether the tool be rotated or the material rotated in contact with it. The chuck, moreover, may be used to carry the material instead of the tool.

Referring now to the second part of myinvention, the socket-piece 3 is provided with a spring-catch l0, formed, preferably, of a pin having a rounded or beveled end, as shown, and the tool-holder with a recess 9, in which the spring-catch l0 is adapted to enter, the recess also being formed, preferably, with rounded or beveled sides. The tool-holder and socket-piece maybe connected by a spline 8, preventing rotary movement of the parts upon each other, or if the parts be angular in cross-section the spline will be unnecessary. The tool-holder is inserted and secured in the socket by simply sliding it into place, the catch l0 yielding to allow this, but springing into the recess 9 as the base of the tool-holder reaches and rests upon the' base of socket-piece. The spring is made of sufficient rigidity, so that the catch holds the parts together in the ordinary operation of the machine, there being, as is evident, no pressure tending to force the catch out,-ex cept the weight of the tool and tool-holder.'

The operation of this part of my device 1s as follows: If the feeding mechanism used in connection with the drill shown in Fig. l be not thrown out of operation in using the tap 0r setting the stud, as in Figs. 2 and 3, and the feed. of the tap or stud and that of the feeding mechanism be different, the pulltending to separate the parts B and C wlll be sufficient by the pressure on the rounded or beveled sides to force the spring-catch l0 out of the groove or recess in the chuck, thus permitting the latter to slide out of the chuck and preventing any injury to the parts. It is evident that `either the catch or recess may be formed with square sides, if desired; but the construction shown is preferable. If the catch be formed with square sides, the inner end of the tool or tool-holder should be beveled opposite the catch. as shown on the inner end of tool-holder C.v

In Fig. 2 the tap D and in Fig. 3 the studholder D are shown as connected to their respective holders by means similar to that used in the chuck, consisting of the spline 1l, re,

cess l2, and spring-catch 13. This second attachment may be of any ordinary form, so far as the special function of the holder in connection with the feeding mechanism is concerned butthisholding meansis preferred, independent of its special use, on account of the ease with which the tool may be attached to and detached from its holder. In the common form of holder shown in Fig. l, in which the drill D is driven into holder C, much force is necessary to remove the drill, this being'done generally by driving a wedge inside the end thus forcing the drill or other tool out, an operation` that necessitates the stopping of the machine and results in injury to the tool and holder. Vith my means of attachment the tool may readily be withdrawn from the socket by first raising the spring-catch or by a stronger pull without thus raising it. It will thus be seen that my means for holding a tool is of universal ap- IOO IIO

plication, and may be used not only in a chuck but in tool-holders of any other form.

l. In a chuck, the combination of a body for attachment to the driver, a socket-piece for receiving the tool or tool-holder, an adjustable clamp pressing the parts together, whereby the friction of the parts may be adjusted in accordance with the Work to be done, and means for holding the clamp in position when adjusted, substantially as described.

2. In a chuck, the combination of a body for attachment to the driver, a socket-piece for receiving the tool or tool-holder, one of said members being screw-threaded on the outside, a screwclamp surroundingr the screwthreaded member and engaging the other member, whereby the friction may be adj usted in accordance with the work lo be done, and a locking-nut on said screw-threaded member for holding the parts in position when ad- V j usted, substantially as described.

3. In a chuck, the combination of a body for attachment to the driver, a socket-piece for receiving the tool or tool-holder, one of said members being screw-threaded on the outside, a friction-piece between the body and socket-piece, a screw-clamp surrounding the screw-threaded member andengaging the other member, Wherebythe friction may be adjusted in accordance with the work to be done, and a locking-nut on said screwthreaded member for holding the parts in position when adjusted, substantially as described.

4. A chuck consisting of the recessed screw-threadedbody 2, socket-piece 3,inserted into said recess and provided with a reduced neckandshoulders,adjustablescreW-threaded clamping-ring 5, surrounding the body and neck and pressing against the shoulders, pressure-pieces 4 between the parts, and a locking-nut 6 on the body for holding the parts in position, substantially as described.

5. A chuck consisting of a plurality of parts having surfaces held in frictional contact, the pressure being so adjusted that the chuck is rigid under the strain required for Work, but yields under an excess of strain, and having a socket to receive a tool or tool-holder,

and a yielding catch adapted to enter a re-V cess in the side of the tool or tool-holder, the catch being constructed to yield and release the tool or tool-holder under a force tending to pull the same from the socket, substantially as described.

6.' In a chuck, the combination of a body for attachment to the driver, a socket-piece for receiving the tool or tool-holder, an adjustable 'clamp for pressing the parts to getlier, whereby the friction of the parts may be adj usted in accordance with the Work to be done, and a yielding catch adapted to enter a recess in the side of the tool or toolholder, the catch and tool or tool-holder engagin g by rounded or beveled surfaces, Whereby the catch will yield and release the tool or tool-holder under a force tending to pull the same from the socket-piece, substantially as described.

7. In a chuck, the combination of the recessed body 2, socket-piece 3, inserted into said recess and provided with a reduced neck and shoulders, adj ust-able clamping-ring 5, surrounding the body and neck and pressing against the shoulders, and pressure-pieces 4 between the parts, substantially as described.

S. A chuck having a socket to receive a tool or tool-holder and provided with ayielding catch adapted to enter'a recess in the side of the tool or tool-holder, the catch being constructed to yield and release the tool or toolholder under a force tending to pull the same from the socket, substantially as described.

9. A chuck having a socket to receive a tool or tool-holder and provided with a yielding catch adapted to enter a recess in the side of the tool or tool-holder, the catch and tool or tool-holder engaging by rounded or beveled surfaces, whereby the catch will yield and release the tool or tool-holder under a force tending to pull the same from the socket, substantially as described.

l0. The combination of a tool-holder provided with a spring-catch, and a tool adapted to slide into said holder and provided with a recess in its side to receive the spring-catch, the catch and holder engaging by surfaces, one or more of which is beveled or rounded, substantially as described.

l1. As a means for retaining a tool in its holder, the spring-pressed pin 10, carried by v the holder and having a rounded or beveled end adapted to enter a recess in the side of the tool, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set v my hand-in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM SCHWANHAUSSER.

Witnesses:

Jas. W. PARKER, F. G. PITCHER. 

